Les tubes séminifères (du latin : semen-fere : « qui porte la semence ») sont le siège de la formation des spermatozoïdes (spermatogénèse) dans les testicules. Chaque testicule est composé de 200 à 300 lobules testiculaires séparés par une cloison conjonctive et chaque lobule comprend 1 à 4 tubes séminifères, il y a donc environ 500 tubes séminifères par testicule.
Les tubes séminifères font entre 40 et 70 cm de long pour 150 à 300 μm de diamètre. Ils sont entourés d'un tissu conjonctif contenant des cellules de Leydig sécrétant la testostérone.
Les tubes séminifères se rejoignent deux par deux et confluent dans un tube droit qui débouche dans un réseau de canaux nommé rete testis. Celui-ci se prolonge par les canaux efférents (ou cônes efférents) qui se jettent dans le canal épididymaire, ce dernier se poursuivant par le canal déférent au niveau de l'anse épididymo-déférentielle.
Deux types de cellules occupent la paroi des tubes séminifères :
- les cellules de Sertoli grandes et coniques ne forment jamais l'épithélium. Entre les membranes latérales de ces cellules se créent des jonctions serrées entre lesquelles se dégagent de petits espaces formant un réseau ;
- dans ces espaces, se trouvent les cellules germinales.
La paroi des tubes se nomme « gaine péritubulaire » elle est constituée d'une lame basale et de collagène (en grand nombre). Celle-ci est limitée par la matrice extra cellulaire. La gaine a une épaisseur de 5 micromètres.
La multiplication des cellules souches se fait à la périphérie des tubes séminifères. En remontant vers la lumière du tube séminifère, les cellules filles mûrissent progressivement et se transforment en spermatozoïdes une fois arrivées dans la lumière.
Tube séminifère
![Description de l'image seminiferous tubule and sperm low 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)